Một số mô hình tăng trưởng kinh tế

## Step 1: Identify the Authors<br />### The authors associated with each economic theory are as follows:<br />- Classical School (17th Century, 1776): Adam Smith<br />- Karl Marx (19th Century, 1867): Karl Marx<br />- Neoclassical School (19th Century, 1936): John Maynard Keynes<br />- Keynes (Late 20th Century): John Maynard Keynes<br />- Modern Economic Growth (Late 20th Century): Various modern economists<br /><br />## Step 2: Determine the Factors of Growth<br />### Each school of thought has different determining factors for economic growth:<br />- Classical School: Division of labor, capital accumulation, and productivity.<br />- Karl Marx: Class struggle, exploitation, and capital accumulation.<br />- Neoclassical School: Technological change, capital, and labor.<br />- Keynes: Aggregate demand, government intervention, and fiscal policy.<br />- Modern Economic Growth: Innovation, human capital, and institutional factors.<br /><br />## Step 3: Production Function<br />### The production function varies across schools:<br />- Classical School: $Y = f(K, L)$ where $Y$ is output, $K$ is capital, and $L$ is labor.<br />- Karl Marx: Focus on surplus value and exploitation within the production process.<br />- Neoclassical School: $Y = A \cdot f(K, L)$ where $A$ represents technology.<br />- Keynes: Emphasis on aggregate supply and demand rather than a specific production function.<br />- Modern Economic Growth: Incorporates endogenous growth models such as $Y = A \cdot K^\alpha \cdot L^{1-\alpha}$.<br /><br />## Step 4: Most Important Factor<br />### The most important factor according to each school:<br />- Classical School: Capital accumulation.<br />- Karl Marx: Class struggle and exploitation.<br />- Neoclassical School: Technological progress.<br />- Keynes: Aggregate demand.<br />- Modern Economic Growth: Innovation and human capital.<br /><br />## Step 5: Role of Ideology<br />### The role of ideology in each school:<br />- Classical School: Free markets and laissez-faire principles.<br />- Karl Marx: Critique of capitalism and advocacy for socialism.<br />- Neoclassical School: Efficiency and market equilibrium.<br />- Keynes: Government intervention to stabilize the economy.<br />- Modern Economic Growth: Mixed views, often incorporating both market and state roles.<br /><br />## Step 6: AS-AD Model<br />### Application of the AS-AD model:<br />- Classical School: Long-run aggregate supply is vertical.<br />- Karl Marx: Not typically used; focus on historical materialism.<br />- Neoclassical School: Both short-run and long-run perspectives.<br />- Keynes: Short-run aggregate supply can be upward sloping.<br />- Modern Economic Growth: Uses advanced versions of the AS-AD model.<br /><br />## Step 7: View on General Equilibrium<br />### Views on general equilibrium:<br />- Classical School: Markets naturally reach equilibrium.<br />- Karl Marx: Capitalism leads to crises and imbalances.<br />- Neoclassical School: Markets tend toward equilibrium through price mechanisms.<br />- Keynes: Economies can be in disequilibrium due to insufficient demand.<br />- Modern Economic Growth: Dynamic equilibrium considering innovation and growth factors.<br /><br />## Step 8: Role of Government<br />### The role of government in each school:<br />- Classical School: Minimal intervention.<br />- Karl Marx: State control over means of production.<br />- Neoclassical School: Limited to correcting market failures.<br />- Keynes: Active role in managing demand.<br />- Modern Economic Growth: Varies, but often supports strategic interventions.<br /><br />## Step 9: Other Issues to Note<br />### Additional considerations:<br />- Classical School: Importance of free trade.<br />- Karl Marx: Historical development and revolution.<br />- Neoclassical School: Marginal analysis and utility.<br />- Keynes: Importance of expectations and uncertainty.<br />- Modern Economic Growth: Globalization and technological diffusion.