So sánh mô hình kê khai giá thuốc ở Việt Nam và các nước trong khu vực Đông Nam Á

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The pharmaceutical industry plays a crucial role in public health, and ensuring affordable access to essential medicines is a critical aspect of any healthcare system. In Southeast Asia, countries are grappling with the challenge of balancing the need for affordable medicines with the need to incentivize innovation and investment in the pharmaceutical sector. This article will delve into the different models of drug price regulation employed in Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. #### Drug Price Regulation in Vietnam Vietnam's drug price regulation system is a complex one, involving a combination of price controls, market-based mechanisms, and government subsidies. The Ministry of Health sets maximum retail prices for essential medicines, while the National Drug Administration (NDA) oversees the registration and approval of new drugs. The government also provides subsidies for certain essential medicines, particularly for low-income populations. This approach aims to ensure affordability while also encouraging innovation and investment in the pharmaceutical sector. #### Drug Price Regulation in Thailand Thailand has a more market-based approach to drug price regulation, relying primarily on price negotiations between the government and pharmaceutical companies. The National Health Security Office (NHSO) negotiates prices for drugs covered under the universal healthcare scheme, while the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the registration and approval of new drugs. This system aims to achieve a balance between affordability and innovation, but it can be challenging to negotiate favorable prices for all essential medicines. #### Drug Price Regulation in Singapore Singapore's drug price regulation system is characterized by a strong emphasis on market forces. The Health Sciences Authority (HSA) regulates the registration and approval of new drugs, but there are no price controls or government subsidies. This approach allows for greater competition and innovation, but it can lead to higher drug prices for consumers. #### Drug Price Regulation in Malaysia Malaysia's drug price regulation system is a hybrid model, combining price controls with market-based mechanisms. The Ministry of Health sets maximum retail prices for essential medicines, while the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau (NPCB) regulates the registration and approval of new drugs. The government also provides subsidies for certain essential medicines. This approach aims to ensure affordability while also encouraging innovation and investment in the pharmaceutical sector. #### Drug Price Regulation in Indonesia Indonesia's drug price regulation system is similar to Malaysia's, with a combination of price controls and market-based mechanisms. The Ministry of Health sets maximum retail prices for essential medicines, while the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) regulates the registration and approval of new drugs. The government also provides subsidies for certain essential medicines. This approach aims to ensure affordability while also encouraging innovation and investment in the pharmaceutical sector. #### Conclusion The drug price regulation models employed in Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries vary significantly, reflecting the unique challenges and priorities of each nation. While Vietnam's system emphasizes price controls and government subsidies, Thailand and Singapore rely more heavily on market forces. Malaysia and Indonesia adopt a hybrid approach, combining price controls with market-based mechanisms. Each model has its strengths and weaknesses, and the optimal approach will depend on the specific context of each country. Ultimately, the goal is to ensure affordable access to essential medicines while also promoting innovation and investment in the pharmaceutical sector.