Nghi thức liệm trong đời sống tâm linh người Việt: Truyền thống và hiện đại

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The practice of liệm, a traditional Vietnamese ritual for preparing the deceased for their final journey, holds profound significance in the spiritual lives of the Vietnamese people. This ancient custom, deeply rooted in Confucian and Buddhist beliefs, reflects a profound respect for the deceased and a belief in the continuity of life beyond death. Liệm is not merely a physical act but a spiritual ceremony that involves a complex interplay of rituals, symbolism, and cultural values. This article delves into the intricate world of liệm, exploring its historical origins, its enduring relevance in contemporary Vietnamese society, and the ways in which this tradition continues to evolve in the face of modernization. #### The Origins and Significance of Liệm Liệm, meaning "to wrap" or "to bind," is a ritual that dates back centuries in Vietnamese history. Its origins can be traced to ancient Chinese customs, where the practice of preparing the deceased for burial was considered an act of filial piety. In Vietnam, liệm became deeply intertwined with Confucian and Buddhist beliefs, which emphasize the importance of respecting the deceased and ensuring their peaceful transition to the afterlife. The act of liệm is seen as a way of honoring the deceased, offering them comfort and dignity in their final moments, and facilitating their journey to the spirit world. #### The Ritual of Liệm: A Detailed Look The liệm ritual is a complex and multifaceted process that involves a series of steps, each imbued with symbolic meaning. The body of the deceased is first cleansed and dressed in clean, white clothing, symbolizing purity and rebirth. The body is then placed in a coffin, which is often made of wood and decorated with intricate carvings. The coffin is then sealed, and the deceased is buried in a designated burial site. The liệm ritual is typically performed by family members or close friends, who are guided by a priest or a spiritual leader. #### Liệm in Contemporary Vietnamese Society Despite the rapid pace of modernization in Vietnam, the tradition of liệm remains deeply ingrained in the cultural fabric of the country. While some aspects of the ritual have evolved over time, the core principles of respect, dignity, and spiritual continuity remain central to the practice. In contemporary Vietnamese society, liệm is often seen as a way of honoring the deceased and providing closure for the bereaved. The ritual also serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of life and death, and the importance of honoring the legacy of those who have passed on. #### The Evolution of Liệm: Tradition and Modernity As Vietnam continues to modernize, the liệm ritual has undergone some changes to adapt to contemporary realities. For example, the use of modern embalming techniques has become more common, and the traditional practice of burying the deceased in a coffin is sometimes replaced by cremation. However, the core principles of liệm remain unchanged, and the ritual continues to be a vital part of Vietnamese spiritual life. #### Conclusion The practice of liệm is a testament to the enduring power of tradition in Vietnamese society. This ancient ritual, rooted in Confucian and Buddhist beliefs, reflects a profound respect for the deceased and a belief in the continuity of life beyond death. While the liệm ritual has evolved over time to adapt to modern realities, its core principles remain unchanged, and it continues to be a vital part of Vietnamese spiritual life. Liệm is a powerful reminder of the interconnectedness of life and death, and the importance of honoring the legacy of those who have passed on.