Vai trò của cộng đồng quốc tế trong giải quyết tranh chấp Biển Đông
The South China Sea, known as Biển Đông in Vietnamese, is a region that has long been embroiled in territorial disputes involving multiple countries. These disputes are not only a regional concern but also a significant international issue due to the strategic and economic importance of the waters. This article explores the crucial role of the international community in addressing and resolving these disputes, highlighting the complexities and the need for a collaborative approach. <br/ > <br/ >#### The Strategic Importance of Biển Đông <br/ >Biển Đông is a critical maritime route, with a significant portion of the world's maritime trade passing through its waters. The sea is rich in natural resources, including oil and gas reserves, making it an economically strategic area. The presence of these resources has led to competing territorial claims by several countries, including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and Taiwan. The role of the international community in this context is not just beneficial but necessary to maintain stability and peace in the region. <br/ > <br/ >#### Legal Frameworks and International Law <br/ >One of the primary roles of the international community in the Biển Đông disputes is the promotion and enforcement of international law, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This legal framework provides a basis for resolving disputes by defining the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans. International courts and tribunals, such as the Permanent Court of Arbitration, play a pivotal role in adjudicating disputes based on UNCLOS. The case brought by the Philippines against China in 2013, which resulted in a 2016 ruling invalidating China's expansive claims, underscores the importance of legal frameworks in managing disputes. <br/ > <br/ >#### Diplomatic Initiatives and Multilateral Dialogues <br/ >Diplomacy is a vital tool in the international community's arsenal to address the complexities of the Biển Đông disputes. Multilateral dialogues, such as the ASEAN Regional Forum and the East Asia Summit, provide platforms for discussion and negotiation. These forums involve not only the claimant states but also other stakeholders, including the United States and the European Union, who have interests in maintaining freedom of navigation and overflight. Through diplomatic efforts, the international community can help de-escalate tensions and foster an environment conducive to peaceful resolutions. <br/ > <br/ >#### Military Presence and Alliances <br/ >While diplomatic and legal approaches are preferred, the role of military presence and alliances cannot be overlooked. The United States, for instance, conducts freedom of navigation operations to challenge excessive maritime claims and to assert international rights to navigation and overflight. While these operations can increase tensions, they also serve as a deterrent against potential aggressors and underline the commitment of the international community to uphold international law. Military alliances and partnerships, such as those between the United States and its allies in the region, also play a crucial role in maintaining security and stability. <br/ > <br/ >The international community has a multifaceted role in addressing the disputes in Biển Đông. From legal adjudications and diplomatic negotiations to maintaining a military presence, the efforts are aimed at ensuring peace, stability, and adherence to international law. The complexities of the disputes require a balanced approach that respects the rights and sovereignty of all involved while promoting peaceful and cooperative solutions. The ongoing involvement of the international community is essential in steering the region away from conflict and towards a harmonious future.