Vai trò của Tổng thống Iran trong chính sách đối ngoại

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The role of the Iranian president in foreign policy is a complex and multifaceted one, shaped by the country's unique political system and the interplay of various domestic and international factors. While the Supreme Leader holds ultimate authority over foreign affairs, the president plays a crucial role in shaping and implementing Iran's foreign policy agenda. This article delves into the president's influence on Iran's foreign policy, examining the key areas where their authority is exercised and the constraints they face. #### The President's Role in Foreign Policy Formulation The Iranian president is responsible for appointing the foreign minister, who heads the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and is a key figure in shaping and executing foreign policy. The president also plays a significant role in formulating Iran's foreign policy through the National Security Council (NSC), a body that advises the Supreme Leader on national security matters. The NSC includes representatives from various government branches, including the president, the foreign minister, and the military. The president's influence on the NSC is significant, as they can shape the agenda and influence the decisions made by the council. #### The President's Role in Foreign Policy Implementation The president is also responsible for implementing Iran's foreign policy decisions. This includes negotiating treaties and agreements with other countries, managing diplomatic relations, and overseeing the activities of Iranian embassies and consulates abroad. The president's ability to implement foreign policy is influenced by the level of cooperation they receive from the Supreme Leader, the parliament, and other government institutions. #### Constraints on the President's Authority Despite their significant role in foreign policy, the Iranian president's authority is subject to several constraints. The Supreme Leader holds ultimate authority over foreign affairs, and the president must act within the framework of the Supreme Leader's directives. The parliament also has a role in foreign policy, as it must approve treaties and agreements negotiated by the president. Additionally, the president's ability to implement foreign policy is often constrained by domestic political considerations, such as the need to maintain public support and avoid alienating powerful factions within the Iranian government. #### The President's Influence on Iran's Foreign Policy The Iranian president's influence on foreign policy is evident in several areas. For example, the president has played a key role in shaping Iran's nuclear policy, negotiating the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) with world powers. The president has also been instrumental in developing Iran's relations with regional powers, such as Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon. #### Conclusion The Iranian president's role in foreign policy is a complex and dynamic one, shaped by the country's unique political system and the interplay of various domestic and international factors. While the Supreme Leader holds ultimate authority over foreign affairs, the president plays a significant role in shaping and implementing Iran's foreign policy agenda. The president's influence is evident in areas such as nuclear policy, regional relations, and economic diplomacy. However, the president's authority is subject to several constraints, including the Supreme Leader's oversight, parliamentary approval, and domestic political considerations. Understanding the president's role in foreign policy is crucial for comprehending Iran's foreign policy decision-making process and its impact on the international stage.