Từ đề thi Sử thi THPT Quốc gia 2023, nhìn nhận lại phương pháp dạy và học văn học trong nhà trường phổ thông hiện nay

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### The Evolution of Teaching and Learning Literature in Vietnamese High Schools The teaching and learning of literature in Vietnamese high schools has undergone significant changes in recent years. As the 2023 National High School Graduation Exam essay topic suggests, it is imperative to critically evaluate the current methods employed in teaching and learning literature within the educational system. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the evolving approaches to teaching and learning literature in Vietnamese high schools, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. #### Traditional Teaching Methods: A Historical Perspective Historically, the teaching of literature in Vietnamese high schools has been rooted in traditional methods, focusing primarily on rote memorization and recitation of literary works. This approach often emphasized the memorization of literary pieces and the regurgitation of factual information, neglecting critical thinking and analytical skills. While this method may have served its purpose in the past, it has increasingly been criticized for its lack of emphasis on fostering a deep understanding and appreciation of literature among students. #### Transition to Interactive and Multidimensional Learning In response to the limitations of traditional teaching methods, there has been a gradual shift towards interactive and multidimensional approaches to teaching literature in Vietnamese high schools. Educators are now incorporating innovative teaching techniques, such as group discussions, literary analysis workshops, and multimedia presentations, to engage students in a more interactive learning process. This shift aims to cultivate critical thinking, creativity, and a deeper understanding of literary works among students, moving away from the passive consumption of information towards active participation and interpretation. #### Embracing Technology in Literature Education The integration of technology has also played a pivotal role in reshaping the landscape of literature education in Vietnamese high schools. Digital resources, online literary databases, and e-books have provided students with access to a diverse range of literary works, transcending geographical and resource constraints. Furthermore, the use of digital platforms for collaborative learning and virtual literary discussions has expanded the horizons of literature education, enabling students to engage with literary content in dynamic and interactive ways. #### Challenges and Opportunities in Modern Literature Education While the evolution of literature education in Vietnamese high schools presents promising opportunities, it also brings forth certain challenges. The need to strike a balance between traditional literary canon and contemporary literary works, the integration of cultural diversity in literature curricula, and the development of assessment methods that encompass critical thinking and creativity are some of the challenges that educators and policymakers must address. However, these challenges also present opportunities to revitalize literature education, fostering a more inclusive, diverse, and engaging learning environment for students. ### Conclusion In conclusion, the evolution of teaching and learning literature in Vietnamese high schools reflects a shift towards interactive, multidimensional, and technologically integrated approaches. The transition from traditional teaching methods to more dynamic and engaging pedagogical practices signifies a positive trajectory in literature education. While challenges persist, the opportunities to enrich literature education and cultivate a deeper appreciation for literary works among students are abundant. By embracing innovative teaching methods, leveraging technology, and addressing the evolving needs of students, literature education in Vietnamese high schools can continue to evolve and thrive in the years to come.