Vai trò của Nikita Khrushchev trong cuộc khủng hoảng tên lửa Cuba

(208 votes)

The Cuban Missile Crisis, one of the most significant events of the Cold War, was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in October 1962. The crisis was triggered by the discovery of Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba, which was just 90 miles off the coast of the United States. The man at the helm of the Soviet Union during this critical period was Nikita Khrushchev. His role in the crisis was pivotal and continues to be a subject of intense debate among historians. #### Khrushchev's Motivations Understanding Khrushchev's role in the Cuban Missile Crisis requires an examination of his motivations. Khrushchev was driven by a desire to strengthen the Soviet Union's strategic position in the global arena. He believed that deploying missiles in Cuba would serve as a deterrent to a potential U.S. invasion of the island nation, which was a close ally of the Soviet Union. Furthermore, Khrushchev hoped that the missile deployment would help to redress the balance of power, which was heavily tilted in favor of the U.S. due to its superior nuclear arsenal. #### The Decision to Deploy Missiles Khrushchev's decision to deploy missiles in Cuba was a high-risk gamble. He was well aware of the potential repercussions, including the possibility of a full-scale nuclear war. However, he was convinced that the U.S. would not discover the missile sites until it was too late. When the U.S. did discover the missile sites, thanks to U-2 spy plane photographs, it led to a tense standoff between the two superpowers. #### Handling the Crisis Khrushchev's handling of the crisis was marked by a combination of brinkmanship and diplomacy. On the one hand, he refused to back down in the face of U.S. demands for the removal of the missiles. On the other hand, he sought to defuse the situation through diplomatic channels. His letters to U.S. President John F. Kennedy, in which he offered to remove the missiles in exchange for a U.S. pledge not to invade Cuba, played a crucial role in resolving the crisis. #### The Aftermath of the Crisis The aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis had significant implications for Khrushchev's political career. The crisis ended with the Soviet Union agreeing to remove its missiles from Cuba, while the U.S. agreed to dismantle its missile bases in Turkey and Italy and pledged not to invade Cuba. Although this was seen as a diplomatic victory for Khrushchev in some quarters, many within the Soviet Union viewed it as a capitulation. This perception contributed to Khrushchev's downfall and his removal from power in 1964. In conclusion, Nikita Khrushchev's role in the Cuban Missile Crisis was multifaceted. He was the architect of the missile deployment, the man who managed the crisis, and the leader who had to deal with its aftermath. His actions during this critical period had far-reaching consequences, not just for the Soviet Union and the U.S., but for the entire world.