Thực trạng quản lý tài nguyên nước ngầm tại Việt Nam và giải pháp từ Luật Tài nguyên nước 2023

(198 votes)

Water is the source of life, a critical component for the survival of all living organisms on our planet. In Vietnam, a country characterized by its lush landscapes and extensive river systems, the management of water resources, particularly groundwater, has emerged as a pressing concern. The recent enactment of the Water Resources Law 2023 marks a significant step towards addressing these challenges. This article delves into the current state of groundwater management in Vietnam and explores the solutions offered by the new legislation. #### The Current State of Groundwater Management in Vietnam Vietnam's rapid industrialization and urbanization have placed immense pressure on its water resources. Groundwater, an essential source of water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use, is being exploited at an unsustainable rate. Over-extraction has led to a decline in water levels, water quality degradation, and land subsidence in several areas. The lack of comprehensive and enforceable regulations has exacerbated the situation, making effective management of this vital resource a daunting task. #### The Impact of Over-Exploitation The consequences of over-exploiting groundwater resources in Vietnam are far-reaching. In agricultural regions, the depletion of groundwater has threatened food security, as farmers struggle to irrigate their crops. Urban areas are not spared either, with cities like Ho Chi Minh facing severe land subsidence, which increases the risk of flooding. Moreover, the contamination of groundwater with pollutants from industrial and agricultural runoff poses serious health risks to the population. #### The Water Resources Law 2023: A Beacon of Hope The Water Resources Law 2023 represents a comprehensive approach to the sustainable management of water resources in Vietnam. It introduces stricter regulations on groundwater extraction, aiming to balance the need for water with the preservation of this precious resource. The law mandates the implementation of advanced technologies for water extraction and usage, promoting efficiency and reducing waste. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of protecting water quality by setting stringent standards for wastewater treatment before it is discharged back into the environment. #### Strengthening Community Engagement and Awareness One of the innovative aspects of the Water Resources Law 2023 is its focus on community involvement in water management. The law encourages the participation of local communities in monitoring water usage and reporting violations, fostering a sense of responsibility and stewardship towards water resources. Additionally, it aims to raise awareness about the importance of conserving water and the methods to achieve it, through educational campaigns and initiatives. #### The Path Forward: Implementing the Law Effectively The success of the Water Resources Law 2023 in reversing the tide of groundwater depletion in Vietnam hinges on its effective implementation. This requires a concerted effort from all stakeholders, including government agencies, businesses, communities, and individuals. Adequate funding, capacity building, and technological support are crucial to ensure that the regulations are enforced and the goals of sustainable water management are achieved. Moreover, continuous monitoring and evaluation will be necessary to assess the impact of the law and make adjustments as needed. The challenges facing groundwater management in Vietnam are complex, but the Water Resources Law 2023 offers a comprehensive framework for addressing them. By regulating extraction, promoting efficient use, and involving communities in conservation efforts, the law paves the way for a sustainable future for Vietnam's water resources. As the country moves forward with the implementation of this landmark legislation, it is imperative that all stakeholders work together to safeguard this vital resource for generations to come.