Câu hỏi
quốc gia Lebanon xác định là ngu nhân gây ra vụ nổ thảm khốc ở thủ đô Beirut. Tia lửa hàn trong quá trình sửa chữa nhà kho có thể đã 2750 tấn NH_(4)NO_(3) cất trữ phát nổ.Cho 2 phương trình nhiệt phân NH_(4)NO_(3) muối NH_(4)NO_(3) sẽ nhiệt ph theo phản ứng nào trong 2 phản ứng dưới đây?Giải thích (I) NH_(4)NO_(3)(s)xrightarrow (t^0)NH_(3)(g)+HNO_(3)(g) (2) NH_(4)NO_(3)(s)xrightarrow (t^circ )N_(2)O(g)+2H_(2)O(g) Biết enthalpy tạo thành chuẩn của các chất có giá trị như sau: Câu 1: 3iết n
Giải pháp
4.3
(290 Phiếu)
Yến Mai
cựu binh · Hướng dẫn 9 năm
Trả lời
The Beirut explosion was a tragic event, and while the initial spark may have been from welding during the repair of a warehouse, the root cause was the irresponsible storage of a large quantity of ammonium nitrate (
). The question is which of the two decomposition reactions is more likely to have occurred.Let's analyze the two reactions:**(1) NH₄NO₃(s) → NH₃(g) + HNO₃(g)**This reaction produces ammonia (NH₃) and nitric acid (HNO₃). Both are highly reactive and dangerous substances. Nitric acid is a strong oxidizing agent, and the mixture of ammonia and nitric acid could lead to further, potentially explosive, reactions.**(2) NH₄NO₃(s) → N₂O(g) + 2H₂O(g)**This reaction produces nitrous oxide (N₂O) and water (H₂O). While N₂O is a greenhouse gas and can be a mild anesthetic, it is significantly less dangerous than the products of reaction (1). The reaction is also less exothermic (releases less heat).**Which reaction is more likely?**The Beirut explosion was characterized by a massive blast, indicating a highly exothermic reaction. Reaction (1) is thermodynamically less favorable than reaction (2) because it requires more energy input. However, the high temperature generated by the initial ignition source could have initiated reaction (1). However, the conditions of the explosion suggest that a more energetic decomposition occurred.While reaction (1) might have started, the conditions likely favored a transition to a more exothermic pathway, potentially involving further reactions of the initially formed NH₃ and HNO₃. The overall process was likely a complex series of reactions, not simply one of the two given equations. The massive scale of the explosion suggests a rapid, highly exothermic decomposition that released a large volume of gas, consistent with a reaction producing a significant amount of gaseous products.**Conclusion:**While reaction (2) is thermodynamically more favorable under normal conditions, the high temperatures and pressures generated by the initial ignition likely led to a complex series of reactions, possibly starting with reaction (1) and rapidly progressing to more exothermic pathways. The overall process resulted in a massive explosion due to the rapid release of a large volume of hot gases. To definitively determine the exact reaction pathway, a detailed analysis of the explosion's chemical kinetics and thermodynamics would be required, considering the specific conditions within the warehouse. The provided enthalpy data would be crucial in such an analysis, but it's not included in the question.