Questions 10-17 Read the passage and choose the correct answer (A, B, or C). The first drawings on walls appeared in caves thousonds of years ago. Later the Ancient Romans and Greeks wrote their names and protest poems on buildings. Modern graffiti seems to have appeared in Philodelphia in the early 1960s, and by the late sixties it had reached New York. The new art form really took off in the 1970s, when people began writing their names, or tags, on buldings all over the city. In the mid seventies it was sometimes hard to see out of a subway car window, because the trains were completely covered in spray paintings known as mosterpieces' In the early days the 'taggers' were part of street gangs who were concerned with merking their territory.They worked in groups called crews; and called what they did "writing"the term 'graffit? was first used by The New York Times and the novelist Norman Mailer Art galleries in New York began buying graffits in the early seventies. But at the same time that it began to be regarded as an art form, John Lindsay.the then mayor of New York, declared the first war on graffiti By the 1980s it became much harder to write on subway trains without being caught, and instead many of the more established graffiti artists began using roofs of buildings or canvases. The debate over whether graffiti is art or vandalism is still going on Peter Vallone, a New Yorkcity councillor, thinks that graffit done with permission can be art, but if it is on someone else's property it becomes a crime. Thave a message for the grafficl vandals out there.he said recently. Your freedom of expression ends where my property begins."On the other hand, Felix, o member of the Berlin based group Reclaim Your City, says that artists are reclaiming cities for the public from advertisers, and that graffit represents freedom and makes cities more vibrant For decades graffiti has been a springboard to international fame for a few. Jean-Michel Basquiat began spraying on the street in the 1970s before becoming a respected ortist in the 80s. The Frenchman Blek le Rat and the British artist Banksy have achieved international fame by producing complex works with stencils, often making political or humorous points. Works by Banksy have been sold for over ￡100,000. Graffiti is now sometimes big business 10. Why was the seventies on important decade in the history of graffiti? That was when modern graffiti first appeared. That was when modern graffai first become really popular That was when graffiti first resched New York. 11. What is a 'masterpiece' in graffiti? A really high-quality piece of graffiti A work of graffiti showing the artist's name A full piece of graffit like those seen on subway trains 12. What was the main motivation for the first taggers? Showing which streets belonged to which gangs. Creating a strong visual identity for their crew. ) Sending coded messages to other gangs. 13. Who coined the phrase'graffiti? New York gangs who had a lot of Italan immigrant members. ) A newspaper and an outhor ) The man who was the mayor of New York in the late seventies 14. How did things change ofter the first wor on graffiti? It was considered a more serious crime Graffiti artists had to find different places to point New York looked a lot cleaner