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The art and literature of ancient Rome have had a profound and enduring influence on Italian culture. Roman artistic ideals, characterized by realism, grandeur, and a celebration of human form, found resonance in later Italian artistic movements, from the Renaissance to the Baroque. Similarly, Roman literature, with its emphasis on epic narratives, philosophical treatises, and lyrical poetry, provided a rich source of inspiration for Italian writers throughout the centuries. The works of Virgil, Ovid, Cicero, and other Roman masters continue to be studied and admired in Italy, attesting to their timeless appeal and influence.

While modern Italian cuisine has evolved over the centuries, traces of ancient Roman culinary practices can still be found. The Romans' love of bread, olive oil, wine, and simple, flavorful dishes continues to resonate in Italian kitchens today. Some ingredients favored by the Romans, such as olives, grapes, and durum wheat, remain staples of Italian gastronomy. Additionally, the Roman tradition of communal dining and the importance placed on fresh, seasonal ingredients continue to shape Italian culinary culture.