Nghệ thuật kiến trúc và điêu khắc thời Cao Ly: Sự kết hợp giữa truyền thống và ảnh hưởng ngoại lai

The Goryeo dynasty (918-1392) in Korea witnessed a flourishing of artistic expression, particularly in architecture and sculpture. This period saw a unique blend of indigenous traditions and influences from neighboring cultures, resulting in a distinct artistic style that continues to captivate audiences today. Goryeo art, characterized by its elegance, sophistication, and spiritual depth, reflects the cultural and political landscape of the time, showcasing the dynasty's ambition and its embrace of innovation. This essay delves into the fascinating world of Goryeo architecture and sculpture, exploring the interplay of tradition and foreign influences that shaped this remarkable artistic legacy.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0;">The Legacy of Silla Architecture</h2>

Goryeo architecture built upon the foundations laid by the preceding Silla dynasty (57 BC – 935 AD). The Silla period saw the development of distinctive architectural styles, including the iconic pagodas and temples that dotted the Korean landscape. Goryeo architects drew inspiration from these structures, incorporating elements like the multi-tiered pagoda design and the use of curved rooflines. However, Goryeo architecture also introduced new innovations, reflecting the dynasty's growing confidence and its desire to establish a distinct artistic identity.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0;">The Influence of Buddhism</h2>

Buddhism played a pivotal role in shaping Goryeo art. The dynasty's embrace of Buddhism led to the construction of numerous temples and monasteries, which served as centers of religious practice and artistic expression. These structures often featured intricate carvings, elaborate decorations, and grand proportions, reflecting the importance of Buddhism in Goryeo society. The influence of Buddhism is evident in the use of Buddhist iconography in sculptures, with images of Buddha, bodhisattvas, and other deities adorning temples and palaces.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0;">The Impact of Tang Dynasty China</h2>

The Tang dynasty (618-907) in China exerted a significant influence on Goryeo art. During this period, Korea experienced close cultural and political ties with China, leading to the adoption of Tang artistic styles and techniques. This influence is particularly evident in Goryeo architecture, where elements like the use of red and green glazed tiles and the adoption of the "double-eaves" roof design were borrowed from Tang architecture. The influence of Tang sculpture is also visible in Goryeo works, with the adoption of realistic and expressive styles.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0;">The Development of Goryeo Sculpture</h2>

Goryeo sculpture is renowned for its elegance and sophistication. While early Goryeo sculptures often followed the realistic style of Tang dynasty China, later works developed a more refined and abstract aesthetic. This shift reflects the growing influence of Korean artistic sensibilities and the desire to create a distinct Goryeo style. Goryeo sculptors excelled in the creation of Buddhist statues, with particular emphasis on the depiction of Buddha and bodhisattvas. These sculptures often featured graceful lines, delicate features, and a sense of spiritual serenity.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0;">The Legacy of Goryeo Art</h2>

The artistic legacy of the Goryeo dynasty continues to inspire and captivate audiences today. Goryeo architecture and sculpture represent a unique blend of tradition and innovation, reflecting the dynasty's cultural and political landscape. The influence of Silla architecture, the embrace of Buddhism, and the impact of Tang dynasty China all contributed to the development of a distinct Goryeo artistic style. Goryeo art stands as a testament to the creativity and ingenuity of the Korean people, showcasing their ability to synthesize diverse influences and create a unique and enduring artistic legacy.