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There Are Present Participles (V-ing) and Past Participles (V-ed or a Form of Irregular Verbs). 1 Functions of Participles: In a

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There are present participles (V-ing) and past participles (V-ed or a form of irregular verbs). 1 Functions of Participles: In a sentence, the participle is used as an adjective that precedes or follows a noun to modify it, or used as a complement to modify or object. }(l) Used as an adjective preceding the noun to modify it & Artificial Intelligence has a promising future. Used as an adjective following the noun to modify it & The CEO hasn't approved the document revised yesterday. Subject complement & Companies were fascinated by all the new technology in the exhibition, Object complement & The new employees found the training courses challenging. 2 Participles as Adjectives: Below are some common noun phrases that contain a participle used as an adjective. The present participle expresses an active meaning, whereas the past participle indicates a completed action or a passive meaning. Present participle + noun & Past participle + noun }(l) challenging task rewarding experience demanding guest outstanding performance outstanding debts leading company overwhelming desire existing machine remaining seat fast-growing industry & detailed plan limited time reserved seat scheduled meeting revised report attached file experienced employee finished product expected result reduced cost - Mr. Kim has outstanding debts of over 900 . arrow outstood debts [mathrm(x)] 3 Participial Adjectives Expressing Emotions: Participles are also called participial adjectives. Present participial adjectives ( mathrm(V)+ -ing) are used to describe the people or things that cause a certain feeling to somebody, while past participial adjectives (mathrm(V)+ -ed ) are used to say how pe feel.

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### Mr. Kim has outstanding debts of over .

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## Step 1: Understanding Participles as Adjectives### Participles can function as adjectives in sentences. Present participles (ending in -ing) express an active meaning and are used to describe the people or things that cause a certain feeling. Past participles (usually ending in -ed or irregular forms) indicate a completed action or passive meaning and describe how people feel.## Step 2: Functions of Participles in Sentences### Participles can be used in different ways within a sentence:- As adjectives preceding a noun to modify it.- As adjectives following a noun to modify it.- As complements to modify the subject or object.## Step 3: Examples of Present Participle Usage### The present participle is used as an adjective before nouns, such as in "challenging task" or "rewarding experience." These examples show the participle describing something that causes a feeling or action.## Step 4: Examples of Past Participle Usage### The past participle is used as an adjective before nouns, such as in "detailed plan" or "revised report." These examples show the participle indicating a completed action or passive state.## Step 5: Correct Usage of Participial Adjectives### In the example given, "Mr. Kim has outstanding debts of over $900," the word "outstanding" is correctly used as a present participle adjective to describe the debts. The incorrect form "outstood debts" does not apply because "outstood" is not a valid past participle for this context.

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