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1 Present Participles and Past Participles There Are Present Participles ( V -ing) and Past Participles ( V -ed or a Form of Irregular

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1 Present Participles and Past Participles There are present participles ( V -ing) and past participles ( V -ed or a form of irregular verbs). 1 Functions of Participles: In a sentence, the participle is used as an adjective that precedes or follows a noun to modify it, or used as a complement to modify the subject or object. }(l) Used as an adjective preceding the noun to modify it & Artificial Intelligence has a promising future. Used as an adjective following the noun to modify it & The CEO hasn't approved the document revised yesterday. Subject complement & Companies were fascinated by all the new technology in the exhibition. Object complement & The new employees found the training courses challenging. 2 Participles as Adjectives: Below are some common noun phrases that contain a participle used as an adjective. The present participle expresses an active meaning, whereas the past participle indicates a completed action or a passive meaning. Present participle + noun & Past participle + noun }(l) challenging task rewarding experience demanding guest outstanding performance outstanding debts leading company overwhelming desire existing machine remaining seat fast-growing industry & detailed plan limited time reserved seat scheduled meeting revised report attached file experienced employee finished product expected result reduced cost 3 Participial Adjectives Expressing Emotions: Participles are also called participial adjectives. Present participial adjectives (V+ -ing) are used to describe the people or things that cause a certain feeling to somebody, while past participial adjectives (mathrm(V)+ -ed ) are used to say how people feel.

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Trả lời

### 1. The sentence "Artificial Intelligence has a promising future." illustrates the use of a present participle as an adjective preceding a noun.### 2. Mr. Kim has outstanding debts of over ; the phrase "outstanding debts" correctly uses the present participle "outstanding" to describe the debts.

Giải thích

## Step 1: Understanding the Functions of Participles### Participles can function as adjectives in sentences. They can precede or follow a noun to modify it, or they can be used as complements to modify the subject or object. For example, in the sentence "Artificial Intelligence has a promising future," the present participle "promising" is used as an adjective preceding the noun "future."## Step 2: Differentiating Present and Past Participles### Present participles (ending in -ing) express an active meaning, indicating that the noun they modify is performing an action. In contrast, past participles (usually ending in -ed or in an irregular form) indicate a completed action or a passive meaning, suggesting that the noun is receiving an action. For instance, "Mr. Kim has outstanding debts of over $900" uses the present participle "outstanding" to describe debts that are actively owed.## Step 3: Participial Adjectives Expressing Emotions### Participial adjectives can also express emotions. Present participial adjectives (V+-ing) describe people or things that cause a certain feeling, while past participial adjectives (V+-ed) describe how people feel. This distinction helps clarify whether the participle is describing the source of an emotion or the experience of it.

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