Unilike case studies observational studies usually involve many different kinds of subjects at once in observational studies the researcher systematically observes and records behaviour without interfering in any way w th the people being observed. Often, an observational study is the first step in a programme of research Naturalistic observation is a type of cbservational study that describes behaviour as it occurs in the natural environment. Ethologists such as Jane Goodall and Dian Fossey, used this method to study apes and other animals in the wild Psychologists use naturalistic observation wherever people happen to be.This could be at homo on the playground, in an offico 1 Naturalistic observation involves (A) the observation of the natural world. (B) the observation of actions in a natural setting. 02 in psychology.temperament rafers to the parts of a person's character that are present from birth.According to psychologists these are the result of their biological makeup. The factors that influence le mperament are genetics and hormones.However scientists have not found a clear link between biology and temperament.The majority of the research has been on calegorising different temperaments For example, Jerome Kagan tested four-month -old infants to see how they reacted to new things.He then categorised them as either low reactive' or "high reactive'. Kagan believed that the high reactive children would grow up to be shy,while low reactive ones would grow up to be bravo. Although many followed Kagan's predictions, a few of his subjects did not. This suggests that environment plays an equally important role as biology in development 2 What did Jerome Kagan expect of low reactive infants? (A) They would become couragoous. (B) They would become scared of new things.